企业实施自动化后，员工的境况如何？
What Happens to Workers at Firms that Automate?
Review of Economics and Statistics · 2023 · [{"name": "James Bessen", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Maarten Goos", "affiliation": ["Utrecht University", "Tilburg University"]}, {"name": "Anna Salomons", "affiliation": ["Utrecht University", "Tilburg University"]}, {"name": "Wiljan van den Berge", "affiliation": ["Utrecht University"]}]
中文摘要
我们将荷兰微观数据与一项涵盖所有私营非金融部门企业的自动化支出直接测度相结合，估计了企业层面自动化对员工个体结果的影响。利用一种新颖的双重差分事件研究设计，并借助投资的非连续性进行识别，我们发现自动化提高了在职员工与雇主解除雇佣关系的概率。员工在五年内累计损失的工资收入相当于一年收入的9%，这主要是工作天数减少所致。自动化带来的这些不利影响在规模较小的企业、以及年龄较大和受教育程度中等的员工中更为显著。相比之下，企业对计算机的投资并未发现类似的损失。
Abstract
Abstract We estimate the impact of firm-level automation on individual worker outcomes by combining Dutch microdata with a direct measure of automation expenditures covering all private nonfinancial sector firms. Using a novel difference-in-differences event-study design leveraging lumpy investment, we find that automation increases the probability of incumbent workers separating from their employers. Workers experience a five-year cumulative wage income loss of 9% of one year’s earnings, driven by decreases in days worked. These adverse impacts of automation are larger in smaller firms, and for older and middle-educated workers. By contrast, no such losses are found for firms’ investments in computers.