论城市与贫民窟
Of Cities and Slums
Journal of Political Economy · 2025 · [{"name": "Pedro Cavalcanti Ferreira", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Alexander Monge‐Naranjo", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Luciene Torres de Mello Pereira", "affiliation": []}]
中文摘要
本文研究巴西城市贫民窟的形成与持续存在。利用劳动力市场、住房成本和教育可及性数据，我们构建了一个定量模型，以探究贫民窟对该国人力资本和结构转型的影响。城市贫民窟之所以形成并持续存在，是因为它们发挥着双重作用：既是低教育程度家庭实现代际向上流动的踏脚石，又是高教育程度家庭向上流动的阻碍。若能让贫民窟儿童进入正规城区的学校就读，贫民窟原本会形成规模更大、但存续时间更短的格局。如果在城市化早期阶段就能提供更优质的农村学校，城市贫民窟的形成将在很大程度上得以避免。
Abstract
We study the emergence and persistence of urban slums in Brazil. Using data on labor markets, housing costs, and access to education, we construct a quantitative model to explore the impact of slums on the country s human capital and structural transformation. Urban slums emerge and persist due to their dual roles as intergenerational stepping stones for low-educated households and as blockades for higher-educated ones. Providing slum children access to schools in formal urban areas would have led to larger but shorter-lived slums. Improved rural schools, if available earlier during urbanization, would have vastly prevented the formation of urban slums.