发掘人才：协同教育与创新政策促进经济增长
Tapping into Talent: Coupling Education and Innovation Policies for Economic Growth
Review of Economic Studies · 2024 · [{"name": "Ufuk Akcigit", "affiliation": ["Center for Economic and Policy Research", "University of Chicago"]}, {"name": "Jeremy Pearce", "affiliation": ["Federal Reserve Bank of New York"]}, {"name": "Marta Prato", "affiliation": ["Bocconi University"]}]
中文摘要
创新政策与教育政策如何影响个人职业选择和总体生产率？本文分析研发补贴与高等教育政策如何通过创新人才供给影响生产率增长。我们将稀缺人才、高等教育获得与职业选择置于一个新的内生增长框架的核心，该框架纳入了个人在才能、财务资源和偏好方面的异质性。我们将模型与丹麦的微观数据相结合，这些数据涵盖博士学位获得者与发明者的背景，以及一系列政策干预的结果。我们发现，研发补贴与高等教育补贴相结合时效果可以得到增强，因为高等教育补贴使有才能但贫困的青年得以从事研究工作。教育政策与创新政策不仅缓解不同类型的摩擦，还在不同的时间跨度上影响创新。在收入不平等程度较高的社会中，教育政策更为有效。
Abstract
Abstract How do innovation and education policy affect individual career choices and aggregate productivity? This paper analyses the effect of R&D subsidies and higher education policy on productivity growth through the supply of innovative talent. We put scarce talent, higher education attainment, and career choice at the centre of a new endogenous growth framework with individual-level heterogeneity in talent, financial resources, and preferences. We link the model to micro-level data from Denmark on the backgrounds of who obtains a PhD and becomes an inventor and the outcomes of a set of policy interventions. We find that R&D subsidies can be strengthened when combined with higher education subsidies, which enable talented but poor youth to pursue a career in research. Education and innovation policies not only alleviate different frictions, but also impact innovation at different time horizons. Education policy is more effective in societies with higher income inequality.