通过实物司法和解促进环境正义
Addressing Environmental Justice through In-Kind Court Settlements
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2024 · [{"name": "Pamela Campa", "affiliation": ["Stockholm School of Economics"]}, {"name": "Lucija Muehlenbachs", "affiliation": ["University of Calgary", "Resources For The Future"]}]
中文摘要
在美国环境诉讼案件中，如果被告自愿实施实物项目（例如改造校车或建设公共公园），其现金罚款可以得到减免。该政策的目标之一是回应低收入和少数族裔群体面临的环境正义问题，但历史记录显示，实物和解最可能出现在涉及高收入、白人占多数社区的案件中。一项选择实验表明，公众更偏好实物和解而非现金罚款；一项随机调查显示，实物和解能够改善公众对违规企业的看法，这与我们发现的实物和解引发股票市场积极反应的结果一致。（JEL D63, H23, J15, K32, Q53, Q58）
Abstract
In US environmental court cases, a cash penalty can be mitigated if a defendant volunteers to undertake an in-kind project, such as retrofitting school buses or building a public park. A goal of the policy is to address environmental justice concerns for low-income and minority populations, yet the historical record shows in-kind settlements most likely occur in cases involving high-income, majority-White communities. A choice experiment reveals that the public prefers in-kind settlements over cash, and a randomized survey reveals in-kind settlements improve the public’s view of a violating firm, consistent with our finding of positive stock market reactions to in-kind settlements. (JEL D63, H23, J15, K32, Q53, Q58)