学区入学边界政策与缓解学校隔离的局限
Attendance Boundary Policies and the Limits to Combating School Segregation
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2024 · [{"name": "Andreas Bjerre-Nielsen", "affiliation": ["University of Copenhagen"]}, {"name": "Mikkel Høst Gandil", "affiliation": ["Rockwool Foundation"]}]
中文摘要
重新划定学区入学边界作为一项消除隔离政策，其成效如何？为就这一问题提供因果证据，我们采用了涵盖丹麦全体儿童、详细程度前所未有的新数据，并利用学区入学边界随时间发生的变化进行识别。家庭会抵制将其子女重新分配至社会经济地位较低的学校。这种抵制行为存在明显的社会梯度：资源充裕的家庭对新学校的学生构成更为敏感。我们模拟了学校分配政策，发现将某些区域重新划归至处境极为不利的学校的边界调整，并不能有效改变该弱势学校的社会经济构成。(JEL D31, H75, I21, I24, I28, R23)
Abstract
What is the efficacy of redrawing school attendance boundaries as a desegregation policy? To provide causal evidence on this question, we employ novel data with unprecedented detail on the universe of Danish children and exploit changes in attendance boundaries over time. Households defy reassignments to schools with lower socioeconomic status. There is a strong social gradient in defiance, as resourceful households are more sensitive to the student composition of new schools. We simulate school assignment policies and find that boundary changes that reassign areas to a highly disadvantaged school are ineffective at altering the socioeconomic composition at the disadvantaged school. (JEL D31, H75, I21, I24, I28, R23)