印度的代际流动性：跨时期与社会群体的新测度与估计
Intergenerational Mobility in India: New Measures and Estimates across Time and Social Groups
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · 2024 · [{"name": "Sam Asher", "affiliation": ["Imperial College London"]}, {"name": "Paul Novosad", "affiliation": ["Dartmouth College", "Dartmouth Hospital"]}, {"name": "Charlie Rafkin", "affiliation": ["Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology", "Massachusetts Institute of Technology"]}]
中文摘要
本文研究印度的代际流动性。我们提出一种向上流动性的新测度：出生于教育分布下半部分父母的子女的预期教育排名。这一测度在发展中国家和历史情境中常见的数据约束下表现良好。自自由化之前以来，印度的代际流动性一直较低且保持不变。在儿子中，我们观察到表列种姓的流动性上升，而穆斯林的流动性下降。女儿的代际流动性低于儿子，且不同群体之间的差异随时间的变化较小。一项自然实验表明，针对表列种姓的平权行动显著改善了其流动性。
Abstract
We study intergenerational mobility in India. We propose a new measure of upward mobility: the expected education rank of a child born to parents in the bottom half of the education distribution. This measure works well under data constraints common in developing countries and historical contexts. Intergenerational mobility in India has been constant and low since before liberalization. Among sons, we observe rising mobility for Scheduled Castes and declining mobility among Muslims. Daughters’ intergenerational mobility is lower than sons’, with less cross-group variation over time. A natural experiment suggests that affirmative action for Scheduled Castes has substantially improved their mobility. (JEL I24, J13, J15, J16, J62, O12, Z12)