向贫困母亲提供现金转移对家庭结构与母亲福祉的影响
The Impact of Cash Transfers to Poor Mothers on Family Structure and Maternal Well-Being
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · 2024 · [{"name": "Anna Aizer", "affiliation": ["John Brown University"]}, {"name": "Sung‐Woo Cho", "affiliation": ["UCLA Health"]}, {"name": "Shari Eli", "affiliation": ["University of Toronto"]}, {"name": "Adriana Lleras‐Muney", "affiliation": []}]
中文摘要
我们使用新近收集的16,000名申请“母亲养老金”（美国首个福利项目）女性的数据，研究家计调查型现金转移对终身家庭结构和母亲福祉的影响。短期内，现金转移推迟了结婚，并降低了地理流动性。长期来看，现金转移对再婚概率、配偶质量或生育率均无影响。以寿命和1940年家庭收入衡量，现金转移并未影响女性的福祉。鉴于并不存在显著的负面行为影响，如果现金转移对儿童产生哪怕幅度不大的正面影响，其收益似乎也会超过成本。
Abstract
We use newly collected data for 16,000 women who applied for Mothers' Pensions, America's first welfare program, to investigate the effect of means-tested cash transfers on lifetime family structure and maternal well-being. In the short term, cash transfers delayed marriage and lowered geographic mobility. In the long run, transfers had no impact on the probability of remarriage, spouse quality, or fertility. Cash transfers did not affect women's well-being, measured by longevity and family income in 1940. Given the lack of significant negative behavioral impacts, the benefits of transfers appear to exceed costs if they have-even modest-positive impacts on children.