族群政治的就业效应
The Employment Effects of Ethnic Politics
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · 2024 · [{"name": "Francesco Amodio", "affiliation": ["McGill University"]}, {"name": "Giorgio Chiovelli", "affiliation": ["Universidad de Montevideo"]}, {"name": "Sebastian Hohmann", "affiliation": []}]
中文摘要
本文研究非洲民主国家中族群政治对劳动力市场的影响。利用1996—2017年15个国家的次国家级地理编码数据，我们比较了所属族群关联政党处于能否赢得全国议会席位临界点附近的个体。当地族群政党政治家进入议会，使个体就业的可能性提高2—3个百分点。这一效应集中在农业部门，且主要由自雇驱动，表明获得土地机会的增加是主要作用渠道。我们还发现，宗教和年龄是非洲政治中同样能引发类似就业效应的显著身份标志。
Abstract
We study the labor market consequences of ethnic politics in African democracies. Using subnational georeferenced data from 15 countries from 1996 to 2017, we compare individuals from ethnicities linked to parties at the margin of electing a representative in the national parliament. Having a local ethnic party politician in parliament increases the likelihood of being employed by 2–3 percentage points. The effect is concentrated in the agricultural sector and mostly driven by self-employment, suggesting increased access to land as the main channel. We also show that religion and age are salient markers in African politics that trigger similar employment effects. (JEL D72, J15, J23, J43, O15, O17, Z12)