空气污染与工作场所事故：证据与启示
Air pollution and workplace accidents: Evidence and implications
Journal of Public Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Alessandro Palma", "affiliation": ["University of Rome Tor Vergata", "Gran Sasso Science Institute"]}, {"name": "Domenico Depalo", "affiliation": ["Bank of Italy"]}, {"name": "Gabriele Curci", "affiliation": ["University of L'Aquila"]}]
中文摘要
本文估计了空气污染对意大利工作场所事故和永久性残疾的影响；意大利实行严格的空气污染与工作安全监管。利用2014—2018年的每日行政数据，我们借助冬季供暖规定和大气动力学特征，处理空气污染产生与暴露的内生性问题。我们发现，事故相对于可吸入颗粒物（PM10）的弹性为0.12，并估计污染对残疾没有影响。以年龄组作为工作经验的代理变量，我们发现经验较少的工人受到的影响更大。PM10浓度每立方米增加10微克，会使单起事故的平均成本增加78欧元（7.3%）；其中雇主承担60%，公共保险机构承担40%。
• 我们研究空气污染如何影响意大利的工作场所事故（2014—2018年）。
• PM10每立方米增加10微克会导致事故增加0.073起（弹性为0.12）。
• 这一效应由严重程度较低的事故驱动，对永久性残疾没有影响。
• 空气污染所致事故的赔偿申请成本中，约60%由雇主承担。
• 年龄很小的工人（15—25岁）受到空气污染的显著影响。
Abstract
We estimate the impact of air pollution on workplace accidents and permanent disabilities in Italy, a setting characterized by stringent air pollution and work safety regulations. Using daily administrative data between 2014 and 2018, we leverage winter heating regulations and atmospheric dynamics to address the endogeneity of air pollution generation and exposure. We find an elasticity of accidents with respect to particulate matter (PM 10 ) of 0.12 and estimate no effect of pollution on disabilities. Using age groups as a proxy for work experience, we find larger impacts for less experienced workers. Increasing PM 10 by 10 µ g/m 3 would raise the average cost of an accident by 78 euros (7.3 %); employers bear 60 % of this cost, and public insurers bear 40 %. • We study how air pollution affects workplace accidents in Italy (2014–2018). • A 10-unit increase in PM 10 causes 0.073 additional accidents (elasticity of 0.12). • Effects are driven by less severe accidents, with no impact on permanent disabilities. • About 60 % of compensation claim costs for air pollution-induced accidents are borne by employers. • Very young workers (ages 15–25) exhibit strong effects from air pollution.