儿童心理健康、家庭境况与长期成就

Journal of Human Resources · 2023 · [{"name": "Randall Akee", "affiliation": ["University of Vermont", "RAND Corporation", "Johns Hopkins University"]}, {"name": "William Copeland", "affiliation": ["University of Vermont", "Johns Hopkins University", "William Woods University"]}, {"name": "Emilia Simeonova", "affiliation": ["Johns Hopkins University", "Johns Hopkins Medicine"]}]

中文摘要

我们使用一项长期实验的数据，该实验中美洲印第安人家庭获得了来自赌场的收入转移支付，而其他家庭则没有。通过双重差分分析，我们发现处理组儿童在30岁时的抑郁和焦虑症状更少。成年后，处理暴露年数更长的个体在30岁左右也具有更高的经济福祉。未处理组儿童成年后，其心理健康指标从青春期到30岁表现出很强的持续性；而在处理组中，儿童心理健康的持续性大幅减弱。对于在转移支付开始前（16岁和21岁时）心理健康症状较少的处理组儿童，估计效应略强；但到30岁时，所有受影响的儿童均表现出焦虑和抑郁症状减少、经济结果改善。

Abstract

<h3>Abstract</h3> We use data from a long-running experiment in which American Indian households received income transfers from a casino, while other households did not. Using a difference-in-difference analysis, we find that the treated children had fewer depression and anxiety symptoms at age 30. In adulthood, individuals with more years of treatment exposure also had greater economic well-being around age 30. The untreated children, in adulthood, showed strong persistence in measures of mental health from adolescence through age 30, while in the treated group, children persistence was greatly attenuated. The estimated effects are slightly stronger for treated children who experienced fewer mental health symptoms before the transfers began at ages 16 and 21, but by age 30, all affected children showed reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression and improved economic outcomes.