中文摘要
本文从理论和实证两方面表明，贸易自由化可能对第三国境内的企业产生严重影响；该第三国并未参与此次贸易自由化，但此前在与实施自由化的国家进行贸易时受益于贸易壁垒。正如自由化会加剧实施自由化国家内企业所面临的竞争一样，它也会加剧第三国出口商所面临的竞争。当一国对专门生产低质量产品的国家实施自由化政策时，中等生产率企业会通过提升出口产品质量来应对，以摆脱加剧的竞争。我通过分析土耳其企业如何应对欧盟于2005年取消对华配额这一事件，对这一理论发现进行了实证检验。此次贸易自由化后，中等生产率土耳其企业向欧盟出口产品的单位价值增幅比对照组高8个百分点。出口单位价值的这一上调伴随着进口投入品平均单位价值上升3个百分点。
Abstract
This paper theoretically and empirically shows that trade liberalization can have serious effects on firms within a third country which was not party to the trade liberalization, but which previously benefited from the trade barrier in trading with the liberalizing country. The liberalization increases competition for exporters in the third country, just as it does for firms in the liberalizing country. When a policy of liberalization is implemented towards a country that specializes in low quality products, mid-productivity firms respond by upgrading the quality of their exports to escape intensified competition. I empirically test this theoretical finding by analyzing how Turkish firms responded to the elimination of EU quotas on China in 2005. Following this trade liberalization, the unit value of the products exported by mid-productivity Turkish firms to the EU increased by 8 percentage points more than that of the control group. This upward adjustment in the unit value of exports was accompanied by a 3 percentage point increase in the average unit value of imported inputs.