工会对工资分布的影响：来自高等教育的证据

AER: Insights · 2026 · [{"name": "Michael Baker", "affiliation": ["University of Toronto"]}, {"name": "Yosh Halberstam", "affiliation": ["Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation"]}, {"name": "Kory Kroft", "affiliation": ["University of Toronto"]}, {"name": "Alexandre Mas", "affiliation": ["University of California, Berkeley"]}, {"name": "Derek Messacar", "affiliation": ["Memorial University of Newfoundland"]}]

中文摘要

我们使用关于薪资的纵向行政数据, 并利用工会化在各机构间的交错推进, 估计工会化对加拿大大学教师工资分布的影响。我们发现, 工会化压缩了工资: 无条件分布底部的工资上升了约 10%, 而顶部工资未受影响。我们的证据表明, 这些分布效应源于合同工资下限的引入。我们还发现工会化对教师就业几乎没有影响; 相反, 我们的结果表明, 大学工资总额的增加是通过学生入学人数的增加来融资的。(JEL I23, J31, J45, J51)

Abstract

We estimate the impact of unionization on the wage distribution of Canadian university faculty using longitudinal administrative data on salaries and exploiting the staggered rollout of unionization across institutions. We find that unionization compressed salaries: Wages at the bottom of the unconditional distribution increased by roughly 10 percent, while wages at the top were unaffected. Our evidence suggests that these distributional impacts were driven by the introduction of contractual salary floors. We also estimate little impact of unionization on faculty employment. Instead, our results suggest that the increase in universities’ wage bills was financed by an increase in student enrollment. (JEL I23, J31, J45, J51)