剥削还是增加劳动?
Exploiting or Augmenting Labor?
AER: Insights · 2026 · [{"name": "Michaël Rubens", "affiliation": ["Center for Economic and Policy Research"]}, {"name": "Yingjie Wu", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Mei‐Yan Xu", "affiliation": ["Peking University"]}]
中文摘要
我们表明，现有用于估计压价 (markdown) 的“生产函数方法”无法将要素价格压价与要素增强型生产率水平分别识别出来。我们提出一种方法来克服这一挑战，并将其应用于研究中国有色金属行业所有制自由化的影响。我们发现，私营企业的劳动增强型生产率水平远高于国有企业 (SOEs)。然而，我们也发现，私营企业对其工人施加的买方垄断势力高于国有企业，尽管这一结果仅适用于内资企业。这表明，私有化政策意味着在生产率提升与买方垄断势力之间存在权衡。（JEL D24, F23, J42, L33, L61, L72, P31）
Abstract
We show that existing “production approaches” to markdown estimation do not separately identify factor price markdowns from factor-augmenting productivity levels. We propose a method to overcome this challenge and apply it to study the effects of ownership liberalization in Chinese nonferrous metal industries. We find that private firms have much higher labor-augmenting productivity levels than state-owned enterprises (SOEs). However, we also find that private firms exert higher monopsony power over their workers than SOEs, although this only holds for domestically owned firms. This suggests that privatization policies imply a trade-off between increased productivity and monopsony power. (JEL D24, F23, J42, L33, L61, L72, P31)