中文摘要
家庭碳排放存在显著的空间异质性。我利用跨越二十年的十年一度人口普查和美国社区调查行政数据中的迁居者，估计了全美近1,000座城市和约61,500个社区的地域效应——即同一家庭居住在不同地域时碳排放的变化幅度。我估计，地域效应解释了总体异质性的14%至23%。若社区层面的地域效应从高于均值1个标准差变为低于均值1个标准差，家庭住宅能源使用和通勤产生的碳排放将减少约40%。（JEL D12、D15、L94、Q41、Q54、R11、R23）
Abstract
There is substantial spatial heterogeneity in household carbon emissions. I leverage movers in two decades of administrative Decennial Census and American Community Survey data to estimate place effects—the amount by which carbon emissions change for the same household living in different places—for almost 1,000 cities and roughly 61,500 neighborhoods across the United States. I estimate that place effects account for 14–23 percent of overall heterogeneity. A change in neighborhood-level place effects from 1 standard deviation above the mean to 1 below would reduce household carbon emissions from residential energy and commuting by about 40 percent. (JEL D12, D15, L94, Q41, Q54, R11, R23)