转换轨道：能力丧失后的人力资本投资

中文摘要

我们首次提供了关于劳动者在丧失能力后如何投资人力资本的证据。利用丹麦行政数据中具有准随机性的工伤事故，我们发现，劳动者在遭受身体伤害后会入读学士学位课程，攻读以其既往培训和经验为基础的学位。利用不同学位在可叠加性方面的制度差异，我们发现，高等教育使受伤劳动者从领取伤残福利转向全职就业，收入比受伤前高出25%。面向受伤劳动者的再技能培训补贴带来的回报是其成本的四倍，而当前的再技能培训率大幅低于社会最优水平，对中年劳动者而言尤其如此。（JEL I26、J14、J24、J62）

Abstract

We provide the first evidence on how workers invest in human capital after losing ability. Using quasi-random work accidents in Danish administrative data, we find that workers enroll in bachelor’s programs after physical injuries, pursuing degrees that build on their past training and experience. Exploiting institutional differences in the stackability of degrees, we find that higher education moves injured workers from disability benefits to full-time employment, earning 25 percent more than before injury. Reskilling subsidies for injured workers pay for themselves four times over, and current rates of reskilling are substantially below the social optimum, especially for middle-aged workers. (JEL I26, J14, J24, J62)