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保险市场的动态定价监管与福利

Dynamic Pricing Regulation and Welfare in Insurance Markets
Journal of Political Economy · 2025 · Naoki Aizawa、Ami Ko

中文摘要

保险公司的传统职能是为个人的特有风险提供保障,但保险公司自身也因总量冲击而面临巨大的不确定性。为防止保险公司将这些总量风险转嫁给消费者,各国政府日益采用动态定价监管,限制保险公司随时间调整保费的能力。我们利用一个刻画保险公司缺乏承诺能力和内生市场结构的美国长期护理保险市场均衡模型,对动态定价监管进行评估。我们发现,更严格的动态定价监管对改善消费者福利的作用有限,同时会降低保险公司利润并提高市场集中度。

Abstract

While the traditional role of insurers is to provide protection against individuals’ idiosyncratic risks, insurers themselves face substantial uncertainties due to aggregate shocks. To prevent insurers from passing these aggregate risks onto consumers, governments have increasingly adopted dynamic pricing regulations, which limit insurers’ ability to change premiums over time. We evaluate dynamic pricing regulation using an equilibrium model of the US long-term care insurance market, featuring insurers’ lack of commitment and endogenous market structures. We find that stricter dynamic pricing regulation has a limited impact on improving consumer welfare, while it reduces insurer profits and increases market concentration.
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