个人主动性培训对创业成功的长期持续影响
Long-Term and Lasting Impacts of Personal Initiative Training on Entrepreneurial Success
AER: Insights · 2025 · [{"name": "Francisco Campos Freire", "affiliation": ["World Bank"]}, {"name": "Michael Fresé", "affiliation": ["Leuphana University of Lüneburg"]}, {"name": "Leonardo Iacovone", "affiliation": ["World Bank"]}, {"name": "Hillary C. Johnson", "affiliation": ["World Bank"]}, {"name": "David McKenzie", "affiliation": ["World Bank"]}, {"name": "Mona Mensmann", "affiliation": ["University of Cologne"]}]
中文摘要
在多哥开展的一项随机实验发现，针对小企业的个人主动性培训在两年后对男性和女性均产生了巨大且显著的影响。我们在七年后重新回访这些企业家，发现个人主动性培训具有持久的平均影响，使每月利润提高91美元，这一影响大于两年期的影响。然而，这些长期影响对男性和女性截然不同：对男性而言，随着他们积累更多资本、提升自我效能感，培训影响随时间不断增长；而对女性而言，影响持平甚至下降，且资本积累要有限得多。（JEL J16, J24, L25, L26, M53, O12, O14）
Abstract
A randomized experiment in Togo found that personal initiative training for small businesses resulted in large and significant impacts for both men and women after two years. We revisit these entrepreneurs after seven years and find long-lasting average impacts of personal initiative training of $91-higher profits per month, which is larger than the two-year impacts. However, these long-term impacts are very different for men and women: The impact for men grows over time as they accumulate more capital and increase self-efficacy, whereas the impact for women is flat or declines, and capital buildup is much more limited. (JEL J16, J24, L25, L26, M53, O12, O14)