前行路上的育儿坎坷：为人父母对工作绩效、人力资本与职业晋升的影响

中文摘要

本文探讨，即使就业状况和工作时长没有变化，母亲的生育收入惩罚是否仍会出现，以及为何会出现。我们采用匹配事件研究设计，追踪工资决定因素（工作绩效、人力资本积累和晋升）的月度变化。数据来自美国海军陆战队这一特殊且有利于研究的情境：军人须履行多年服役义务，且有详细的人事数据可供使用。母亲的工作绩效在初期下降，晋升差距持续扩大至产后第24个月。父亲的体能表现略有下降，但随后恢复。这些变化使母亲的工资相对较低，即使产后就业状况没有变化也是如此。

Abstract

Abstract This paper explores whether and why a maternal child penalty to earnings would emerge even without changes in employment and hours worked. Using a matched event study design, we trace monthly changes in determinants of wages (job performance, human capital accumulation, and promotions). Data come from a usefully unusual setting with required multiyear employment and detailed personnel data: the U.S. Marine Corps. Mothers’ job performance initially declines, and gaps in promotion grow through 24 months postbirth. Fathers’ physical fitness performance drops somewhat but recovers. These patterns lead mothers to earn relatively lower wages, even absent changes in employment postbirth.