中文摘要
住房歧视通过限制个人在搜寻过程中的选择，使居住分选决策偏离真实偏好，并在其他条件不变的情况下导致福利下降。本研究将大规模田野实验与居住分选模型相结合，推导出与租赁住房市场歧视所施加约束相关的、基于效用理论的租户福利损失度量。在五个城市开展的实验结果表明，关键社区便利设施与更高程度的歧视相关。基于分选模型的反事实模拟表明，歧视给非裔美国租户和西班牙裔/拉丁裔租户造成的损害分别相当于其年收入的4.4%和3.5%。对于非裔美国租户而言，损害随收入增加而上升，即该效应对经济流动性较强的家庭更为显著。有色人种租户必须在额外搜寻上投入大量资源，才能减轻这些约束所造成的成本。我们发现，忽略歧视约束的简单模型会对关键社区便利设施的支付意愿产生有偏估计。
Abstract
Abstract By constraining an individual’s choice during a search, housing discrimination distorts sorting decisions away from true preferences and results in a ceteris paribus reduction in welfare. This study combines a large-scale field experiment with a residential sorting model to derive utility-theoretic measures of renter welfare loss associated with the constraints imposed by discrimination in the rental housing market. Results from experiments conducted in five cities show that key neighborhood amenities are associated with higher levels of discrimination. Counterfactual simulations based on the sorting model suggest that discrimination imposes damages equivalent to 4.4% and 3.5% of the annual incomes for African American and Hispanic/Latinx renters, respectively. Damages are increasing in income for African American renters, such that effects become stronger for economically mobile households. Renters of color must make substantial investments in additional search to mitigate the costs of these constraints. We find that a naive model ignoring discrimination constraints yields biased estimates of willingness to pay for key neighborhood amenities.