What Impacts Can We Expect from School Spending Policy? Evidence from Evaluations in the United States
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · 2023 · C. Kirabo Jackson、Claire Mackevicius
中文摘要
我们对一套全面的研究开展元分析，这些研究考察了美国K–12公立学校支出对学生结果的影响，估计了平均边际影响及不同情境下的异质性。平均而言，一项连续四年将生均支出提高1,000美元的政策，会使考试成绩提高0.0316个标准差，并使大学入学率提高2.8个百分点。在平均效应之外，我们利用异质性估计和可观察的政策差异，构建具有信息含量的政策效应概率分布。对于经济条件较优越的群体，政策效应较小；资本性支出的边际效应与非资本性支出相近；在不同基准支出水平和地理区域之间，政策效应也相近。混杂偏误和发表偏误均很小。（JEL H75, I21, I22, I26, I28）
Abstract
We conduct meta-analysis on a comprehensive set of studies of the impacts of US K-12 public school spending on student outcomes–estimating average marginal impacts and heterogeneity across contexts. On average, a policy increasing spending by $1,000 per pupil for four years improves test scores by 0.0316σ and college-going by 2.8 pp. Moving beyond averages, we use estimates of heterogeneity and observable policy differences to produce informative probability distributions of policy effects. Effects are smaller for economically advantaged populations, marginal effects of capital spending are similar to noncapital, and effects are similar across baseline spending levels and geography. Confounding and publication biases are minimal.(JEL H75, I21, I22, I26, I28)