高技能移民、跨国公司与经济活动的区位
High-Skill Migration, Multinational Companies, and the Location of Economic Activity
Review of Economics and Statistics · 2023 · Nicolas Morales
中文摘要
本文旨在理解高技能移民与跨国公司活动之间的关系。我构建了一个关于高技能签证的企业层面数据集，并发现存在显著的母国偏向效应：外国跨国公司雇用的母国移民数量多于来自其他来源地的移民。随后，我构建并估计了一个将跨国生产与移民联系起来的定量模型。首先，我在美国设定一项限制性移民政策，并评估其对生产和工资的影响。其次，我提高跨国生产的壁垒，并表明移民是量化跨国公司所带来福利收益的重要渠道。
Abstract
Abstract This article aims to understand the relationship between high-skill immigration and multinational activity. I assemble a firm-level dataset on high-skill visas and show that there is a large home bias effect: foreign multinationals hire more immigrants from their home countries than from other origins. I then build and estimate a quantitative model that relates multinational production with immigration. First, I impose a restrictive immigration policy in the United States and evaluate how it affects production and wages. Second, I increase the barriers to multinational production and show that immigration is an important channel to quantify the welfare gains generated by multinationals.