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器官分配与移植

Organ Allocation and Transplantation
Annual Review of Economics · 2026 · Itai Ashlagi、Alvin E. Roth

中文摘要

用于移植的实体器官存在大量短缺。本文综述器官(尤其是肾脏)的分配,重点讨论美国如何获取和分配已故捐献者器官,同时也提示涉及活体捐献者以及全球范围内器官移植的相关问题。我们梳理若干关键制度细节以及理论与实证研究,并描述一些尚未解决的问题,希望这些问题将继续吸引对器官分配之经济与运营层面感兴趣的研究者关注。

Abstract

There is a large shortage of solid organs for transplants. This survey reviews the allocation of organs (particularly kidneys), with an emphasis on how deceased donor organs are obtained and allocated in the United States but with pointers to related issues involving living donors and transplantation around the world. We review some of the key institutional details and theoretical and empirical studies and describe some open questions that we hope will continue to attract attention from researchers interested in the economic and operational aspects of organ allocation.
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