中文摘要
现代化是一个提升人类福祉的多维过程。地理单元的相对现代性水平可以从全球迁移模式中推断出来，因为迁移倾向于流向那些被认为提供了更优机会的目的地。在此基础上，我们提出一种基于迁移的现代性指数，并表明穆斯林世界目前落后于主要接收国。这一差距并不意味着停滞。穆斯林世界一直在推进现代化，尽管在时间、地区和部门之间并不均衡。尽管现有研究记录了这些差异，但对选择性趋同的不同速度与模式的系统分析仍然稀缺。本文通过区分连续型、间断型和潜在型现代化轨迹来填补这一空白，并围绕持续发展滞后的四种主要解释来组织相关文献：集体主义态度、伊斯兰宗教教义、伊斯兰法律制度以及殖民制度遗产。由此形成的框架凸显了诸多部门间的对比，例如健康与基础教育领域的快速进步，与政治和宗教自由方面持续存在的不足并存。
Abstract
Modernization is a multidimensional process that enhances human welfare. The relative modernity levels of geographic units can be inferred from global migration patterns, which favor destinations offering opportunities deemed superior. On this basis, we introduce a migration-based modernity index and show that the Muslim World currently lags behind major recipient countries. The gap does not indicate stagnation. The Muslim World has been modernizing, though unevenly across time, regions, and sectors. Although existing research documents these variations, systematic analyses of differing paces and patterns of selective convergence remain scarce. This article fills that gap by distinguishing among continuous, punctuated, and latent modernization trajectories and organizing the literature around four leading explanations for persistent developmental lags: collectivist attitudes, Islamic religious tenets, Islamic legal institutions, and colonial institutional legacies. The resulting framework highlights various sectoral contrasts, such as rapid progress in health and basic education alongside persistent deficits in political and religious liberties.