American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2022 · Lisa Kahn、Lindsay Oldenski、Geunyong Park
中文摘要
少数族裔劳动者往往受到负面经济冲击的不成比例伤害。事实上，我们发现，与白人相比，西班牙裔人口因来自中国的进口竞争而遭受了更严重的就业损失，这在很大程度上源于其教育水平较低。相比之下，由于非制造业部门的相对增长，黑人与白人之间的就业和工资差距实际上有所缩小。我们发现，到2000年，与白人相比，黑人劳动者对制造业的依附度较低，因此更有条件利用中国冲击所引致的向服务业的重新配置。中国冲击对受冲击社区的持久负面影响主要由白人劳动者驱动。(JEL F13, F14, F16, J15, J22, J31, R23)
Abstract
Minority workers tend to be disproportionately harmed by negative economic shocks. Indeed, we show that Hispanic populations experienced worse employment losses, relative to Whites, due to import competition from China largely due to lower education levels. In contrast, Black–White employment and wage gaps actually narrowed due to relative growth in nonmanufacturing sectors. We show that Black workers, compared to Whites, were less attached to manufacturing by 2000 and were therefore more poised to take advantage of China shock–induced reallocation to services. The lasting negative impacts of the China shock on exposed communities were primarily driven by White workers. (JEL F13, F14, F16, J15, J22, J31, R23)