中文摘要
本文考察了新兴与发展中国家（EDCs）中宗教与经济发展之间不断演变的关系。基于大规模调查数据和近期学术研究，我们记录了持续存在、且在许多地区日益上升的宗教虔诚度。首先，我们呈现宗教信仰与实践的全球趋势，强调新兴与发展中国家与高收入国家之间的宗教分化，以及传统信仰体系与世界主要宗教长期并存的现象。其次，我们分析宗教行为的决定因素与后果，展示收入波动、财务不安全与文化转型如何维持对宗教的需求。第三，我们探讨新兴与发展中国家中宗教的制度与政治维度，强调宗教机构作为公共品提供者以及具有政治影响力的行为者所发挥的作用。这一讨论提供了一个分析框架，将宗教组织理解为多元宗教市场中具有适应性、相互竞争的平台。总体而言，我们的研究发现表明，宗教的适应而非衰落，是理解发展中世界宗教未来及其经济含义的核心。
Abstract
This article examines the evolving relationship between religion and economic development in emerging and developing countries (EDCs). Building on large-scale survey data and recent scholarship, we document persistent and, in many regions, increasing levels of religiosity. First, we present global trends in religious beliefs and practices, highlighting a religious divergence between EDCs and high-income countries, as well as the continued prevalence of traditional belief systems alongside major world religions. Second, we analyze the determinants and consequences of religious behavior, showing how income volatility, financial insecurity, and cultural transitions sustain demand for religion. Third, we explore the institutional and political dimensions of religion in EDCs, emphasizing the role of religious institutions as public goods providers and as politically influential actors. This discussion offers a framework for understanding religious organizations as adaptive, competing platforms in pluralistic religious marketplaces. Overall, our findings suggest that religious adaptation, rather than decline, is central to understanding the future of religion and its economic implications in the developing world.