中文摘要
本文使用 2008 至 2019 年 26 万户瑞士家庭的地理编码面板数据和工具变量方法,考察亲环境行为中的因果同伴效应。我们发现,同伴行为对一系列与能源相关的做法具有同期影响。特别地,我们发现同伴采用太阳能光伏 (PV) 会提高家庭的节电努力:每在距某家庭 100 米处新增一套太阳能光伏装置,该家庭的年用电量下降 0.2%。我们还记录了亲环境耐用品市场内部及市场之间的同伴效应:在附近新增太阳能光伏装置后,太阳能光伏和电动汽车的采用率均上升。我们发现了提示性证据,表明同伴影响的表现方式因家庭所受约束而异。我们的发现对可再生能源补贴评估具有重要含义。为说明这一点,我们计算了现行太阳能光伏补贴方案的公共资金边际价值 (MVPF)。在此情形下,计入同伴效应使估计的 MVPF 提高约 17%。
Abstract
This paper examines causal peer effects in pro-environmental behavior using geocoded panel data on 260,000 Swiss households from 2008 to 2019 and instrumental variables methods. We find that peer behavior has a simultaneous impact on a broad range of energy-related practices. In particular, we find that peer solar photovoltaic (PV) adoption increases household electricity conservation efforts, with each additional solar PV installation at 100 meters’ distance to a household reducing a household’s annual electricity consumption by 0.2%. We also document peer effects both within and across markets for pro-environmental durable goods, with increased uptake of solar PV and electric vehicles following new solar PV installations nearby. We find suggestive evidence that peer influence manifests itself in different ways contingent upon households’ constraints. Our findings have important implications for renewable energy subsidy evaluation. To illustrate this we calculate the marginal value of public funds (MVPF) of the existing solar PV subsidy scheme. In this setting, accounting for peer effects increases the estimated MVPF by approximately 17%.