Transfers of Technology and Management Practices: Evidence from the Twentieth Century
中文摘要
本文讨论了评估20世纪技术与知识转移效应的近期研究。欠发达经济体周期性地依赖此类转移来促进工业化, 并缩小与最先进国家之间的差距。我重点关注通过资本品实现的体现式技术转移; 通过专利、许可和劳动者流动实现的非体现式转移; 管理诀窍的扩散; 以及产业政策干预。分析强调, 吸收能力——即人力资本、制度质量与组织能力——在决定转移能否带来持久的生产率提升方面发挥核心作用。
Abstract
I discuss recent works that evaluate the effects of technology and knowledge transfers in the twentieth century. Less developed economies cyclically rely on such transfers to promote industrialization and close the gap with the most advanced countries. I focus on embodied technology transfers through capital goods; disembodied transfers via patents, licensing, and worker mobility; the diffusion of managerial know-how; and industrial policy interventions. The analysis highlights the central role of absorptive capacity—human capital, institutional quality, and organizational capability—in determining whether transfers yield lasting productivity gains.