日趋成熟的私立学校选择项目对公立学校学生的影响

中文摘要

我们使用一套将学生层面学校记录与出生记录相匹配的丰富数据集，并采用学生固定效应设计，考察佛罗里达州一项私立学校选择项目在逐渐成熟和扩大规模的过程中如何影响公立学校学生的结果。随着项目日趋成熟，我们观察到，就读于项目实施前私立学校选择更多地区的公立学校学生获得的益处不断增加，表现为标准化考试成绩提高、缺勤率和停学率下降。这一效应对低收入学生尤为明显，但对较富裕学生的结果同样为正。地方层面和全学区层面的私立学校竞争均与学生结果独立相关。（JEL H75, I21, I22, I28）

Abstract

Using a rich dataset that merges student-level school records with birth records, and leveraging a student fixed effects design, we explore how a Florida private school choice program affected public school students’ outcomes as the program matured and scaled up. We observe growing benefits (higher standardized test scores and lower absenteeism and suspension rates) to students attending public schools with more preprogram private school options as the program matured. Effects are particularly pronounced for lower-income students, but results are positive for more affluent students as well. Local and district-wide private school competition are both independently related to student outcomes. (JEL H75, I21, I22, I28)