American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2023 · Bladimir Carrillo、Carlos A. Charris、Wilman J. Iglesias
中文摘要
在南非种族隔离时期，黑人在20世纪60和70年代被迫迁往“黑人家园”，由此形成了历史上规模最大的隔离政策实验之一。我们考察了迁往黑人家园如何以及为何影响人力资本积累。利用黑人家园设立时间的交错性，并采用跨队列识别策略，我们发现童年时期迁往黑人家园显著降低了成年后的受教育程度、劳动收入和就业率。数据表明，地方效应发挥着重要作用。童年时期迁往黑人家园意味着更多地暴露于更贫困的社区，并且会不成比例地降低人力资本积累。（JEL I26, J15, J24, J31, N37, O15, R23）
Abstract
During the South African apartheid, Black people were forced to move to homelands during the 1960s and 1970s, resulting in one of history’s largest segregation policy experiments. We examine how and why relocation to the homelands affected human capital attainment. Exploiting the staggered timing of homeland establishment in a cross-cohort identification strategy, we find that moving to the home-lands during childhood significantly reduces educational attainment, labor earnings, and employment rates in adulthood. The data suggest an important role for place effects. Moving to the homelands in childhood implies greater exposure to poorer neighborhoods, and it disproportionally reduces human capital attainment. (JEL I26, J15, J24, J31, N37, O15, R23)