American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2023 · Gordon B. Dahl、Matthew Knepper
中文摘要
我们通过两项互补分析检验年龄歧视是否在经济衰退期间加剧。机密的美国平等就业机会委员会（EEOC）微观数据显示，某州-行业月度失业率每上升1个百分点，与年龄相关的解雇和招聘指控分别增加3.3%和1.6%。尽管提起申诉的机会成本有所下降，但有事实依据的申诉占比却有所上升——在合理假设下，这是歧视加剧的充分条件。其次，我们重新利用了大衰退复苏期间在不同城市和不同时期开展的招聘通信研究数据。当地失业率每上升1个百分点，年长女性相对于年轻女性的回电率下降15%。（JEL E32, J14, J16, J23, J71, M51）
Abstract
We test whether age discrimination rises during recessions using two complementary analyses. Confidential EEOC microdata reveal that age-related firing and hiring charges rise by 3.3 percent and 1.6 percent, respectively, for each percentage point increase in a state-industry’s monthly unemployment. Though the opportunity cost of filing falls, the fraction of meritorious claims increases—a sufficient condition for rising discrimination under plausible assumptions. Second, we repurpose data from hiring correspondence studies conducted across different cities and time periods during the recovery from the Great Recession. Each percentage point increase in local unemployment reduces the callback rate for older versus younger women by 15 percent. (JEL E32, J14, J16, J23, J71, M51)