Journal of Public Economics · 2025 · Jonathan Gruber、Tuomas Kosonen、Kristiina Huttunen
中文摘要
我们研究了芬兰居家照护津贴（HCA）对留在家中照料三岁以下子女的母亲的影响。我们利用地区和时间维度的差异表明，居家照护津贴在短期和长期均会降低母亲的就业率。这些效应之大，足以解释芬兰相对较高的短期生育就业惩罚。居家照护津贴对儿童幼儿期认知测试成绩产生负面影响，降低了高中入学率，并增加了青少年犯罪。我们通过研究一项对母亲和子女产生相反影响的日托费用改革，证实了上述结果。• 本文研究芬兰居家照护津贴（HCA）对留在家中照料三岁以下子女的母亲所产生的影响。• 我们利用居家照护津贴市政附加补贴所形成的地区和时间维度差异，表明该津贴在短期和长期均会降低母亲的就业率。• 这些效应之大，足以解释芬兰相对较高的短期生育就业惩罚。• 对于儿童，我们同时估计短期和较长期结果。居家照护津贴对儿童幼儿期认知测试成绩产生负面影响，降低了高中入学率，并增加了青少年犯罪。• 我们通过研究一项对母亲和子女产生相反影响的日托费用改革，证实了上述结果。
Abstract
We study the impacts of the Finnish Home Care Allowance (HCA) for mothers who stay at home with children that are under age of three. We use regional and over time variation to show that the HCA decreases maternal employment in both the short and long term. The effects are large enough to explain the relatively high short-term child penalty in Finland. HCA negatively affects the early childhood cognitive test results of children, decreases enrollment in high school, and increases youth crimes. We confirm our results by studying a daycare fee reform that had the opposite effects on mothers and children. • This paper studies the impacts of the Finnish Home Care Allowance (HCA) for mothers who stay at home with children are under age three. • We use regional and over time variation in the form of municipal supplements to HCA to show that the HCA decreases maternal employment in both the short and long term. • The effects are large enough to explain the relatively high short-term child penalty in Finland. • For children we estimate both short- and longer-term outcomes. HCA negatively affects the early childhood cognitive test results of children, decreases enrollment in high school, and increases youth crimes. • We confirm our results by studying a daycare fee reform that had the opposite effects on mothers and children.