产业结构、地方劳动力市场与贸易冲击的归宿
Industry Mix, Local Labor Markets, and the Incidence of Trade Shocks
Journal of Labor Economics · 2023 · Moises Yi、Steffen Mueller、Jens Stegmaier
中文摘要
我们分析了技能可转移性和地方产业结构如何影响遭受贸易冲击的工人的调整成本。利用德国行政数据和新的经济距离度量，我们构建了一个劳动力市场吸纳能力指数，用以刻画特定行业的工人能够在多大程度上重新配置到其他工作岗位。在制造业工人中，我们发现，对于居住在吸纳能力最低地区的工人而言，与进口暴露增加相关的收入损失要高得多。我们得出结论，地方产业结构在工人的调整过程中发挥着重要作用。
Abstract
We analyze how skill transferability and the local industry mix affect the adjustment costs of workers hit by a trade shock. Using German administrative data and novel measures of economic distance, we construct an index of labor market absorptiveness that captures the degree to which workers from a particular industry are able to reallocate into other jobs. Among manufacturing workers, we find that the earnings loss associated with increased import exposure is much higher for those who live in the least absorptive regions. We conclude that the local industry composition plays an important role in the adjustment processes of workers.