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税收对收入响应速度的影响与企业劳动需求的作用

The Speed of Earnings Responses to Taxation and the Role of Firm Labor Demand
Journal of Labor Economics · 2022 · Matthew Gudgeon、Simon Trenkle

中文摘要

本文研究劳动者税前收入在集约边际上对税收变化作出响应的速度。我们以德国为研究背景,该国税制中的一个较大缺口导致收入分布出现明显的聚束现象。我们分析了两项将这一缺口外移的政策改革所引起的收入响应,发现明确证据表明,摩擦延迟了超过38%的劳动者的收入响应。我们提出,企业劳动需求的异质性在形成所观察到的劳动者收入响应速度差异方面发挥了关键作用,并提供了支持性证据。

Abstract

This paper studies the speed at which workers’ pretax earnings respond to tax changes along the intensive margin. We do so in the context of Germany, where a large notch in the tax schedule induces sharp bunching in the earnings distribution. We analyze earnings responses to two policy reforms that shift this notch outward and find clear evidence that frictions delay the earnings responses of more than 38% of workers. We propose that heterogeneity in firm labor demand plays a key role in generating the observed differences in the speed of workers’ earnings responses and provide supporting evidence.
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