什么驱动代际流动？家庭、社区、教育与社会阶层的作用——评Bukodi和Goldthorpe的《英国的社会流动与教育》

What Drives Intergenerational Mobility? The Role of Family, Neighborhood, Education, and Social Class: A Review of Bukodi and Goldthorpe’sSocial Mobility and Education in Britain

中文摘要

Bukodi和Goldthorpe（2019）采用基于职业分组的社会地位指标，主要发现是：就社会阶层而言，第二次世界大战以来英国的相对代际流动既未改善，也未下降。值得注意的是，与其他出身阶层的子女相比，工人阶级出身子女的流动性并未改善。重要的是，作者有力地指出，教育并非决定成年人在劳动力市场上取得成功的关键因素。此外，提高社会经济背景较差儿童的受教育程度并不能改善其劳动力市场表现。这表明，旨在提高社会背景较差儿童流动性的政策不应包括促进人力资本积累的举措，也不应包括一般性的教育政策。（JEL D63、I26、I38、J24、J62、N34）

Abstract

The main finding of Bukodi and Goldthorpe (2019), using social status based on occupation groupings, is that there have not been improvements nor any decline in relative intergenerational mobility in Britain since World War II in terms of social class. Notably, there has not been improvement in the mobility of children from working-class backgrounds relative to other background classes. Importantly, the authors argue strongly that education is not the key determinant of adult success in the labor market. Moreover, improving the educational attainment of children from poor socioeconomic backgrounds does not help improve their labor market performance. This suggests that policies to improve the mobility of children from poor social backgrounds should not include attempts to foster human capital or education policies in general. (JEL D63, I26, I38, J24, J62, N34)