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移民与犯罪:国际视角

Immigration and Crime: An International Perspective
Journal of Economic Perspectives · 2024 · Olivier Marie、Paolo Pinotti

中文摘要

移民与犯罪之间的关联长期以来一直是争论的主题,而我们直到最近才获得有关这一问题的系统性经验证据。数据显示,在许多移民接收国,移民往往比本国居民更年轻、男性占比更高且受教育程度更低,因此在违法者中的占比过高。然而,包括我们对新的国际数据所作分析在内的现有研究一致表明,移民并未显著影响这些国家的当地犯罪率。此外,近期研究强调,获得合法身份会降低移民参与犯罪活动的可能性。最后,我们讨论了移民在违法者中占比过高与移民对犯罪率无显著影响这一表面上的不一致现象背后的潜在解释。

Abstract

The association between immigration and crime has long been a subject of debate, and only recently have we encountered systematic empirical evidence on this issue. Data shows that immigrants, often younger, male, and less educated compared to natives, are disproportionately represented among offenders in numerous host countries. However, existing research, inclusive of our analysis of new international data, consistently indicates that immigration does not significantly impact local crime rates in these countries. Furthermore, recent studies underscore that obtaining legal status diminishes immigrants’ involvement in criminal activities. Finally, we discuss potential explanations for the apparent incongruity between immigrants’ overrepresentation among offenders and the null effect of immigration on crime rates.
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