遏制借口性拦截：警察效率与种族差异

Journal of Public Economics · 2026 · [{"name": "Louis‐Philippe Beland", "affiliation": ["Carleton University"]}, {"name": "Jason Huh", "affiliation": ["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"]}, {"name": "Dongwoo Kim", "affiliation": ["University of Memphis"]}, {"name": "Kyutaro Matsuzawa", "affiliation": ["San Diego State University"]}]

中文摘要

本文考察借口性拦截（pretextual stops）在洛杉矶背景下的影响。借口性拦截是指警察以轻微违法行为为由实施拦截，意在借此发现更严重的违法犯罪。我们研究了洛杉矶警察局（LAPD）于2022年3月实施的一项限制借口性拦截的特别命令所产生的效果。利用2018年至2022年LAPD的大规模数据集及时间断点回归设计，我们发现该政策导致轻微违法拦截显著减少，且各种族群体的降幅相近。我们还发现，政策实施后911响应时间更快，且在发生拦截的条件下逮捕率更高，这些效应集中出现在政策实施后的即时阶段。此外，轻微违法拦截的减少并未导致犯罪率上升。

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of pretextual stops in the context of Los Angeles. Pretextual stops occur when police officers use minor violations as a reason for stops, aiming to uncover more serious offenses. We investigate the effect of a special order implemented in March 2022 by the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) that restricted pretextual stops. Using an extensive LAPD dataset from 2018 to 2022 and a regression discontinuity in time design, we find that the policy led to a significant reduction in minor violation stops, with similar reductions across all racial groups. We also find faster 911 response times and higher arrest rates conditional on a stop following the policy, concentrated in the immediate post-policy period. Moreover, the decrease in minor violation stops did not lead to increases in crime rates.