American Economic Review · 2025 · Alexander W. Cappelen、Benjamin Enke、Bertil Tungodden
中文摘要
本文利用涵盖60个国家、64000名受访者的全国代表性调查，呈现了关于利他主义关系特定性质的新典型事实。在个体层面，普遍主义偏好与年龄和宗教虔诚度等人口特征系统性相关，并能预测许多左翼政治观点，尽管其方式在文化上高度异质。在国家层面，普遍主义与更广泛的信任半径紧密相关。从起源来看，普遍主义随社会的经济、政治和宗教组织方式而变化，其方式与利他主义的范围部分由经济激励和民主所塑造这一观点相一致。(JEL D12, D64, D72, Z12, Z13)
Abstract
This paper leverages nationally representative surveys across 60 countries and 64,000 respondents to present novel stylized facts about the relationship-specific nature of altruism. Across individuals, universalist preferences systematically vary with demographics such as age and religiosity and are predictive of many left-wing political views, albeit in culturally highly heterogeneous ways. Across countries, universalism is strongly linked to a broader radius of trust. Looking at origins, universalism varies with the economic, political, and religious organization of societies in ways that are consistent with the idea that the scope of altruism is partly shaped by economic incentives and democracy. (JEL D12, D64, D72, Z12, Z13)