顶端上升，底端下降：行业与工资不平等加剧

中文摘要

1996年至2018年总体收入不平等上升的大部分可由行业间差异扩大所解释。各行业的贡献呈右偏分布，其中按北美行业分类系统（NAICS）四位数行业划分的前10%占据主导地位。这前10%的行业集中于高薪的高科技部门和低薪的零售部门。在顶端行业，高工资劳动者日益分选至行业工资溢价不断上升的高工资行业。在底端行业，低工资劳动者日益分选至低工资行业，同时就业增加、行业工资溢价下降。（JEL J23、J24、J31、L25、M52）

Abstract

Most of the rise in overall earnings inequality from 1996 to 2018 is accounted for by rising between-industry dispersion. The contribution of industries is right-skewed with the top 10 percent of four-digit NAICS industries dominating. The top 10 percent are clustered in high-paying high-tech and low-paying retail sectors. In the top industries, high-wage workers are increasingly sorted to high-wage industries with rising industry premia. In the bottom industries, low-wage workers are increasingly sorted into lowwage industries, with rising employment and falling industry wage premia. (JEL J23, J24, J31, L25, M52)