资本体现型技术变迁下的经济增长框架

中文摘要

技术进步往往体现在资本投入品之中，如计算机、飞机和机器人。本文构建了一个框架，其中资本投入品通过提高自动化程度和提高生产率两条途径实现进步。这两个创新维度之间的相互作用可以产生平衡增长，即使技术进步是资本体现型的，仍能满足宇泽增长定理。该框架还能进一步探讨结构转型、通用技术、计算对宏观经济的有限影响，以及生产率增长和劳动份额下降等问题。总体而言，这一易于处理的框架有助于化解微观层面创新观察与平衡增长之间令人困惑的紧张关系，同时为众多宏观经济现象提供新的视角。

Abstract

Technological advance is often embodied in capital inputs, like computers, airplanes, and robots. This paper builds a framework where capital inputs advance through (i) increased automation and (ii) increased productivity. The interplay of these two innovation dimensions can produce balanced growth, satisfying the Uzawa Growth Theorem even though technological progress is capital-embodied. The framework can further address structural transformation, general-purpose technologies, the limited macroeconomic impact of computing, and declining productivity growth and labor shares. Overall, this tractable framework can help resolve puzzling tensions between micro-level observations of innovation and balanced growth while providing new perspectives on numerous macroeconomic phenomena. (JEL E22, E23, E24, E25, L16, O33, O41)