公共选项经济学：来自地方药品市场的证据

中文摘要

我们利用公立药房在智利地方市场的分散化进入，研究国有企业竞争的影响。公立药房以私立药房三分之一的价格销售相同药品，这得益于其在上游更强的议价能力，以及私立部门存在的市场势力，但公立药房的质量较低。公立药房导致了市场分割和私立部门价格上涨，这使转向公共选项的消费者受益，却损害了留在私立药房的消费者。若公立药房在全国范围内进入，将使消费者每年的药品支出减少1.6%。（JEL D22、I18、L32、L65、O14）

Abstract

We study the effects of competition by state-owned firms, leveraging the decentralized entry of public pharmacies to local markets in Chile. Public pharmacies sell the same drugs at a third of private pharmacy prices, because of stronger upstream bargaining and market power in the private sector, but are of lower quality. Public pharmacies induced market segmentation and price increases in the private sector, which benefited the switchers to the public option but harmed the stayers. The countrywide entry of public pharmacies would reduce yearly consumer drug expenditure by 1.6 percent. (JEL D22, I18, L32, L65, O14)