儿童保育市场、父母劳动供给与儿童发展

中文摘要

我们构建并估计了一个儿童保育供需模型。在需求侧，家庭就消费、劳动供给和儿童保育作出决策。在供给侧，保育机构就进入、定价和质量作出决策。此外，有偿照护者和非正式照护者均可获得。儿童发展是儿童与父母及非父母照护者相处时间的函数。我们利用“早期儿童纵向研究（出生队列）”的数据估计该模型，并开展政策实验。仅可在高质量保育机构使用或仅限在职母亲使用的代金券尤为有效，因为这类代金券在提高母亲劳动供给的同时也带来了儿童发展的提升。

Abstract

We develop and estimate a model of supply and demand for childcare. On the demand side, households make consumption, labor supply, and childcare decisions. On the supply side, centers make entry, price, and quality decisions. In addition, both paid and informal caregivers are available. Child development is a function of the time spent with parents and nonparental care providers. We estimate the model using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, and perform policy experiments. Vouchers that can be used only in high-quality centers or by working mothers are particularly effective, since they deliver child development gains while increasing mothers’ labor supply.