Journal of Political Economy · 2023 · Paolo Martellini、Todd Schoellman、Jason Sockin
中文摘要
我们衡量了48个国家2,800所大学毕业生的质量——即一所大学毕业生的平均人力资本。最富裕国家大学毕业生的人力资本比最贫穷国家大学毕业生高50%。移民强化了这些差异：来自较贫穷国家的移民在人力资本方面具有高度正向选择性。最后，我们通过研究表明，大学毕业生质量能够预测该校学生中成为发明家、从事创业活动以及成为高管的比例（无论在一国内部还是跨国比较中），由此说明这些存量与流量对经济增长和发展具有重要意义。
Abstract
We measure college graduate quality—the average human capital of a college’s graduates—for graduates from 2,800 colleges in 48 countries. Graduates of colleges in the richest countries have 50% more human capital than graduates of colleges in the poorest countries. Migration reinforces these differences: emigrants from poorer countries are highly positively selected on human capital. Finally, we show that these stocks and flows matter for growth and development by showing that college graduate quality predicts the share of a college’s students who become inventors, engage in entrepreneurship, and become top executives both within and across countries.