歧视与同化：来自美国反华情绪的证据

中文摘要

本文研究受歧视的少数群体成员、多数群体成员与政治领导人之间的互动。我们构建了一个新颖的数据集，收录了2020年1月至8月期间位于美国的“美国白人”用户和华人用户发布的全部推文。运用多种监督式和非监督式文本分析技术，我们发现，推特上的反华歧视在以下事件发生后显著加剧：（i）新冠疫情暴发；（ii）唐纳德·特朗普发布将新冠病毒称为“中国病毒”的推文。随后，我们研究了华人少数群体的反应，发现特朗普发布该推文后，华人用户显著更有可能：（i）发布与同化相关的内容；（ii）发布批评中国共产党的内容。对于冲击前融入程度更高的用户，与同化相关内容的增幅总体上更大。

Abstract

This paper studies the interactions between members of a discriminated minority, members of the majority group, and political leaders. We construct a novel dataset of all tweets posted by “White American” and Chinese users located in the United States from January to August 2020. Using a variety of supervised and unsupervised text-analysis techniques, we show that anti-Chinese discrimination on Twitter significantly increased following (i) the COVID-19 outbreak, and (ii) Donald Trump’s tweet referring to COVID-19 as the “Chinese virus." We then study the reaction of the Chinese minority and find that, after Trump’s tweet, Chinese users were significantly more likely to (i) tweet assimilation-related content, and (ii) tweet criticism against the Chinese Communist Party. The rise in assimilation-related content is generally stronger for users who were more integrated before the shock.