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通过选区外捐款重获政治表达

Recovering voice through out-of-district donations
Journal of Public Economics · 2025 · Sarah Waldfogel

中文摘要

越来越多的美国人居住在选举格局一边倒的国会选区,这可能会抑制其政治参与。与投票不同,政治捐款不受地域限制,由此引出一个问题:因所在选区选举格局一边倒而政治疏离的个人,是否会通过增加向非本地选区的捐款来寻求政治表达。本文利用2010年后进行的选区重划展开研究;此次重划将个人重新划入竞争程度更高或更低的选区。当个人所在选区外生地变得更缺乏竞争性时,其会向竞争激烈的选举捐赠更多选区外资金。捐款者将非本地捐款视为本地政治参与的替代:其所在选区的一边倒程度每提高1个百分点,选区外捐款增加0.40美元,选区内捐款减少0.75美元。

Abstract

A growing share of Americans live in electorally lopsided congressional districts, potentially depressing their political participation. Unlike with voting, there are no place-based restrictions on giving, raising the question of whether individuals disengaged by lopsided home districts find voice through greater non-local giving. I explore this using the post-2010 redistricting, which reassigned individuals to more, or less, competitive districts. When an individual’s district becomes exogenously less competitive, she donates more out of district to competitive races. Givers regard non-local giving as a substitute for local political participation, increasing their out-of-district gifts by $ 0 . 40 , and reducing their within-district gifts by $ 0 . 75 , for every one p.p. increase in their home district’s lopsidedness.
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