居家办公与残疾就业
Work from Home and Disability Employment
AER: Insights · 2024 · [{"name": "Nicholas Bloom", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Gordon B. Dahl", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Dan‐Olof Rooth", "affiliation": []}]
中文摘要
疫情以来, 残障就业大幅上升, 同时居家办公 (WFH) 增长至四倍。本文考察二者是否存在因果关系。在控制构成变化与劳动力市场紧张程度后, 居家办公每增加 1 个百分点, 会使身体残障个体的全职就业增加 1.0%。疫情后居家办公的增加解释了全职就业上升的 68% 至 85%。工资数据表明, 居家办公增加了身体残障劳动者的供给, 这可能是通过降低通勤成本并使其能够更好地控制工作条件而实现的。 (JEL I12, J14, J22, J28, J81)
Abstract
There has been a dramatic rise in disability employment since the pandemic, while work from home (WFH) has risen fourfold. This paper asks whether the two are causally related. Controlling for compositional changes and labor market tightness, a 1 percentage point increase in WFH increases full-time employment by 1.0 percent for individuals with a physical disability. The postpandemic increase in working from home explains 68–85 percent of the rise in full-time employment. Wage data suggest that WFH increased the supply of workers with a physical disability, likely by reducing commuting costs and enabling better control of working conditions. (JEL I12, J14, J22, J28, J81)