基于地域的政策、结构转型与女性劳动力：来自印度经济特区的证据

中文摘要

本文量化了2005—2013年间印度设立的经济特区（SEZ）对当地经济的影响。我们使用一个新颖的数据集，将涵盖印度全部企业的普查信息与经济特区的地理编码数据相结合，发现经济特区的设立提高了当地制造业和服务业就业，并产生了延伸至经济特区区域外10公里范围的正向溢出效应。分析表明，制造业和服务业就业的增长伴随着农业劳动力的减少，女性尤为明显，这表明该政策促进了结构转型。进一步分析显示，不同类型的经济特区均产生了显著的当地就业效应，包括私营和公营园区，以及产业定位不同的经济特区。• 我们量化了印度经济特区对当地经济的影响。• 本分析将经济特区的地理编码数据与普查信息相结合。• 研究发现，设立经济特区提高了当地制造业和服务业就业。• 经济特区所在地区的农业就业有所下降，女性尤为明显。• 不同类型的经济特区均呈现显著的当地就业效应。

Abstract

This paper quantifies the local economic impact of special economic zones (SEZs) established in India between 2005 and 2013. Using a novel dataset that combines census information on the universe of Indian firms with geo-referenced data on SEZs, we find that the establishment of SEZs increased local manufacturing and service employment, with positive spillovers up to 10 km from the SEZ area. The analysis shows that the gains in manufacturing and service employment were accompanied by a decline in agricultural labor, especially for women, suggesting that the policy contributed to structural change. In further analysis, we document that significant local employment effects occur across different types of SEZs: privately and publicly run zones, and SEZs with different industry designations. • We quantify the local economic impact of special economic zones in India. • The analysis combines georeferenced data on SEZ with census information. • SEZ establishment is found to increase local manufacturing and service employment. • Agricultural employment in SEZ areas declines, in particular for women. • Significant local employment effects emerge across different types of SEZs.