邻里效应对儿童影响的尺度与性质

中文摘要

研究表明，居住地对儿童的长期结果具有因果影响。然而，关于邻里效应在何种尺度上发挥作用，以及邻里的哪些方面真正重要，我们知之甚少。利用公共住房的准随机分配以及丹麦的行政数据，我们通过采用不同特征和尺度界定邻里，从而深入揭示邻里效应这一“黑箱”的内部机制。结果表明，对教育和收入的影响较大但局限于当地，而对持有毒品的影响则在更广的尺度上发挥作用。此外，与邻里收入相比，失业和教育状况能更好地预测结果。

Abstract

Research documents a causal impact of place on children’s long-run outcomes. However, little is known about the scale at which neighborhood effects operate, and thus what it is about neighborhoods that matters. By using the quasi-random assignment of public housing along with administrative data from Denmark, we get inside the “black box” of neighborhood effects by defining neighborhoods using various characteristics and scales. Results indicate effects on education and earnings are large but local, while effects on drug possession operate on a broader scale. Additionally, unemployment and education are better predictors of outcomes than neighborhood income.