Journal of Public Economics · 2024 · John Haltiwanger、Mark Kutzbach、Giordano Palloni、Henry Pollakowski、Matthew Staiger、Daniel H. Weinberg
中文摘要
我们结合全国性的收入与保障性住房参与行政数据，研究由HOPE VI拆除计划资助的160个公共住房项目的拆除如何影响18,500名儿童成年后的劳动力市场结果。我们的实证策略将10至18岁期间受到该计划影响的儿童与来自数千个未拆除项目的儿童进行比较，并使用一种兼具匹配与回归特征的灵活估计量对可观测差异加以调整。我们发现，与对照项目中的儿童相比，曾居住在HOPE VI项目中的儿童在26岁时的收入高出15%。对于大城市高贫困社区中的拆除项目，收入增幅最大，而这正是以往大多数HOPE VI研究所考察的情境。然而，大多数HOPE VI项目位于规模较小的城市，我们在这些城市发现的影响较弱，且不具有统计显著性。我们考察了若干作用路径，包括父母收入提高、童年时期生活在贫困程度较低社区的经历，以及就业可及性改善。我们发现，最有力的证据支持就业可及性改善促进了青年人的就业和收入增长。
Abstract
We combine national administrative data on earnings and participation in subsidized housing to investigate how the demolition of 160 public housing projects—funded by the HOPE VI Demolition program—affected adult labor market outcomes for 18,500 children. Our empirical strategy compares children exposed to the program between ages 10 and 18 to children drawn from thousands of non-demolished projects, adjusting for observable differences using a flexible estimator that combines features of matching and regression. We find that children who resided in HOPE VI projects earn 15 percent more at age 26 relative to children in comparison projects. Earnings gains are greatest for demolitions in high-poverty neighborhoods in large cities, the context for most prior research on HOPE VI. However, most HOPE VI projects were in smaller cities where we find weaker effects that are not statistically significant. We investigate pathways including improved parental earnings, childhood exposure to lower poverty neighborhoods, and greater job accessibility. We find the strongest evidence for improved job accessibility facilitating increased employment and earnings for young adults.