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种族中立招生、学校隔离与学生结果

Race-blind admissions, school segregation, and student outcomes
Journal of Public Economics · 2024 · Jason Cook

中文摘要

2007年,最高法院宣布考虑种族因素的学校招生政策违宪。本文首次评估了与此相关的一项联邦指令;该指令迫使哥伦布市学区的磁校采用种族中立的抽签制度。我考察了这一指令所导致的种族隔离大幅加剧所产生的影响。隔离程度更高的学校生均支出更少,招收的学生学业成绩更低,聘用的教师增值水平更低,并加剧白人家庭迁出该学区的“白人逃离”现象。最终,强制实行种族中立招生所造成的隔离导致学生学业成绩和大学入学率下降。

Abstract

In 2007, the Supreme Court declared race-conscious school admissions unconstitutional. This paper provides the first evaluation of a related federal mandate where the Columbus City School District was forced to adopt a race-blind lottery system for its magnet schools. I explore the impact of the dramatic increase in racial segregation resulting from the mandate. More segregated schools spend less per-pupil, enroll lower achieving students, employ lower value-added teachers, and perpetuate “White flight” out of the district. Ultimately, segregation arising from mandated race-blind admissions causes student achievement and college attendance rates to decline.
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