可再生能源投资能否创造本地就业？

中文摘要

在全球范围内，尽管可再生能源项目具有创造就业的潜力，但往往面临当地反对。通过分析2017—2021年西班牙3,900多个市镇的数据，我们发现新增就业机会往往并未留在项目所在地社区。太阳能项目的就业乘数和失业乘数均强于风电项目，这反映出两类项目在任务和技能要求上的差异。除劳动力市场影响外，居民还通过公共支出增加和人均收入提高从这些投资中受益。然而，这些效应较为有限，中小型电站尤其如此。• 我们估计了可再生能源投资对西班牙本地就业的影响。• 太阳能项目对就业和失业的影响大于风电项目，在建设阶段尤为明显。• 投资增加了公共支出，并提高了当地居民的人均收入。

Abstract

Globally, renewable energy projects often face local opposition despite the potential for job creation. Analyzing data from over 3,900 Spanish municipalities (2017–2021), we find that new jobs frequently do not remain in the host communities. Solar projects show stronger employment and unemployment multipliers compared to wind, reflecting differing task and skill requirements. Beyond the labor market impacts, residents benefit from the investments through greater public spending and increased per capita income. However, these effects are modest, particularly in the case of small to medium-sized plants. • We estimate the impact of renewable energy investments on local employment in Spain. • Solar projects have higher employment/unemployment effects than wind, especially in construction. • Investments boost public spending and raise per capita income for local residents.